Relations of Mutation of Spring Wheat Resources with Improved Grain Bioavailability of Iron and Zinc

Abstract

Wheat varieties have low bioavailability of grain micronutrients for human balanced nutrition. Therefore, there is a need a genetic enhancement by micronutrient of crops (bio fortification) to provide a cost-effective way of diminishing malnutrition. In our study, genetic variability of spring common wheat was broaden by treatment of  gamma radiation at 100 Gy and 200 Gy using  ⁶⁰Co source and Kazakhstan variety of the parent Almaken. Mutant lines (M₅ generation) were evaluated for grain phytic acid content (PhyC) and molar rations of Phy: Fe and Phy: Zn to estimate microelements bio availabilities and correlations between quality characteristics and grain size and grain shape parameters. Significant variations in grain PhyC among mutant lines were found. Several mutant lines with significantly decreased PhyC by 1.6–4.62 times, than that the parent was identified. There was wide variation in grain Fe and Zn bioavailability calculated by grain molar rations of Phy: Fe and Phy: Zn in mutant lines. The highest microelements bio availability revealed in mutant lines exceeded that the parental cultivar by 2.87- and 3.06- fold, respectively. The molar ratio of Phy: Fe significantly correlated with grain width but not with grain length and area only in 200 Gy-dosed mutants, suggesting there is considerable scope to improve Fe bio availability and grain width simultaneously and also with grain ZnC.

Keywords: Grain content of phytic acid,Spring wheat M₅ mutant lines,Grain Bioavailability of Iron and Zinc