Closed Loop Control of Insulin Regulatory System for Diabetes

Abstract

In recent times, one third of the world population is prone to many health issues. Among these, the most commonly faced problem is the diabetes. Diabetes is said to be the condition where pancreas is not able to secrete enough amount of insulin to balance the glucose level in the blood. The measurement of blood glucose level in the existing system is done by an invasive device called the Glucometer. With diabetic condition, balance in the level of blood glucose for a person is done by manual injection of insulin or by placing an insulin tablet under tongue at regular intervals which depends upon the measured blood glucose levels. By the use of the proposed system, the blood glucose level is balanced by using a closed loop control mechanism where the blood glucose level is being continuously monitored and the corresponding variations are taken into consideration for exerting the controller action to produce the required amount of insulin which can be injected automatically. The proposed system uses Arduino IDE to perform the controller action. The system consists of a Pulse oximeter for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose levels, a Zigbee module to transmit and receive data, an insulin reservoir and a pump to store and eject insulin at required conditions. Existing methods for blood glucose measurement uses manual techniques and the rise / fall in blood glucose level cannot be identified as and when it happens. The proposed system overcomes this limitation where the monitoring of the blood glucose level is automated and its regulation is also done with high accuracy.