An Energy Efficient Routing Method for Improving Network Lifetime with Proper Uniform Routing Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks with Centered Base Station

Abstract

During the development and use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), different routing protocols have been proposed in different studies. The protocols come with varying features regarding their clustering probabilities and thresholds. Indeed, most of the proposed models have proved superior in such a way that they have extended the network lifetime of the systems to which they have been applied. Despite this positive trend, however, the models have been associated with non-uniformity in the various networks’ epochs. With the nodes’ sectors divided in the networks, especially with the aim of optimizing energy consumption, a factor that has determined how sensor nodes and base stations communicate via a clustering approach or directly has been that which entails distance. To ensure that the problem of cluster non-uniform division is overcome, the network needs to be segmented to obtain fixed sectors in the entire network lifetime. Indeed, the latter arrangement translates into a reduction in the average distance of data transmission. Also, in the respective regions, the selection of cluster heads does not rely on other regions, implying that each zone has a cluster head. For center base stations in the target zones, the EERACBSH and EERACBS models are proposed. For the case of LEACH, it also exhibits horizontal segmentation and seeks to achieve energy efficiency in each region. Outside the regions, especially with heterogeneous and homogeneous networks, EEMCRPH and EEEMCRP algorithms have been proposed, respectively. In this study, findings from the simulation suggest that the proposed model extends the network lifetime of the system, outperforming other algorithms with which it has been compared. Hence, the technique reflects a superior routing protocol that strives to improve on the outcomes that have been associated with other routing frameworks that have been proposed and implemented by other researchers.