Survey on Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is most prominently used in many applications because of their low cost, less weight, and real-time response.  Sometimes, the sensor nodes may not be aware of their location. Thus, in order to know the position of the sensor nodes, localization techniques came into existence.  Earlier, the location is calculated using GPS, but, it is not feasible to all the applications due to multiple reasons. This paper discusses various localization algorithms along with their advantages and disadvantages, based on the classification made.  The localization techniques are classified into centralized and distributed, where distributed techniques are categorized as range-based approach and range-free approach.